In a groundbreaking move, the European Parliament has approved new regulations aimed at revolutionizing the design, production, and waste management of batteries sold within the EU. With a resounding majority of 587 votes in favour, nine against, and 20 abstentions, the new rules mark a significant step forward in achieving more sustainable, durable, removable and high-performing batteries.
Stricter targets for waste collection and recycling
The regulations, which cover the entire battery life cycle from design to end-of-life, introduce various measures to enhance sustainability, performance, and labelling requirements. Key provisions include a compulsory carbon footprint declaration and label for electric vehicle (EV) batteries, light means of transport (LMT) batteries (such as those used in electric scooters and bikes), and rechargeable industrial batteries with a capacity above 2kWh.
One particularly noteworthy measure is the requirement for appliances’ portable batteries to be designed to enable consumers to easily remove and replace them. This user-friendly approach empowers individuals to extend the lifespan of their appliances and contribute to a more circular economy.
The new regulations also introduce a digital battery passport for LMT batteries, industrial batteries with a capacity above 2 kWh, and EV batteries. This passport will provide comprehensive information about the battery, such as its origin, performance, and environmental impact, facilitating better traceability and accountability in the battery industry.
Sustainable goals for a global market
To address social and environmental risks associated with battery production and disposal, the regulations include a due diligence policy for all economic operators, except for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This policy ensures that businesses undertake thorough assessments to identify and mitigate potential risks throughout the battery supply chain.
Furthermore, the regulations set more stringent targets for waste collection, recycling efficiency, and material recovery. By 2030, the targets aim to achieve a waste collection rate of 73% for portable batteries and 61% for LMT batteries. Additionally, minimum levels of materials recovered from waste batteries are established, with ambitious targets for materials such as lithium, cobalt, copper, lead, and nickel.
Rapporteur Achille Variati, an advocate for the regulations, highlights the significance of this milestone: “For the first time, we have circular economy legislation that covers the entire life cycle of a product – an approach that is good for both the environment and the economy. Our overall aim is to build a stronger EU recycling industry and a competitive industrial sector, which is crucial in the coming decades for our continent’s energy transition and strategic autonomy. These measures could become a benchmark for the entire global battery market.”
A European Green Deal and Circular Economy Action Plan
The adoption of these regulations aligns with the European Green Deal, the Circular Economy Action Plan, and the New Industrial Strategy. By prioritizing sustainability, durability, and user-friendliness, the EU is leading the way in driving positive change in the battery industry.
Next, the Council must formally endorse the regulations before their publication in the EU Official Journal and subsequent entry into force. This significant development signals a progressive shift toward a more sustainable and efficient battery market, setting a potential precedent for global battery standards.
A Special Plan for Smartphones and Tablets
The European Parliament’s recent vote on battery regulation has garnered attention due to its implications for smartphone manufacturers. While the headlines focus on the requirement for smartphones to have batteries that are easier to replace, there are essential details that could impact manufacturers and users alike.
Contrary to popular belief, the 2027 deadline for smartphones with user-replaceable batteries is only part of the story. The EU is also progressing with another legislation called the Ecodesign for Smartphones and Tablets, which contains similar rules and is expected to come into effect in June or July 2025. By 2027, some smartphones, such as Samsung and Apple manufacturers, may have already been selling devices with user-replaceable batteries in the EU for over a year.
The battery regulation voted on by the European Parliament is particularly significant because it is more stringent than the ecodesign regulation. It does not offer a loophole for manufacturers to prioritize battery longevity over replaceability. Instead, smartphones must meet specific capacity retention requirements after several cycles to qualify. This provision aims to ensure devices remain functional for a reasonable lifespan.
The Resurgence of Removable Batteries
While the regulations bring positive changes, they raise questions about how manufacturers will meet the criteria for replaceable batteries while maintaining features like waterproofing. The EU’s definition of “removable” batteries focuses on the tools required for replacement, aiming to prevent using proprietary tools or complex procedures. However, clarity is needed on the definition of “specialized tools” and the potential costs associated with their purchase.
Despite these challenges, right-to-repair campaigners view the battery regulation as a significant win. Before becoming law, the rules still have a way to go, with endorsement from the Council of the EU and ongoing discussions about interpretation and implementation. However, it is clear that the EU is paving the way for more sustainable and repairable smartphones, benefitting consumers and the environment alike.
As the world grapples with the urgency of sustainability, the EU’s battery regulations set an example for other regions and have the potential to reshape the global battery market. By prioritizing circular economy principles and user-friendly designs, the EU is driving innovation and encouraging a more responsible approach to battery production and waste management.
